Which of the following describes a normal solution?

A normal solution is defined as one that contains equivalent amounts of substances, specifically in terms of the ability of solutes to react in a given chemical context. The term "normality" is used in chemistry to express the concentration of a solution in terms of equivalents per liter. This ensures that the solution is prepared based on the reactivity or equivalence of the solute, which can vary depending on the nature of the chemical reactions involved.

For example, in acid-base reactions, one equivalent of an acid can be defined as the amount that can donate one mole of hydrogen ions (H+), while one equivalent of a base can accept one mole of hydrogen ions. Thus, a normal solution takes into account the stoichiometry of the reaction rather than just the mole count of solutes, which is why it accurately reflects the effectiveness of a solution in various chemical processes.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the definition of a normal solution. Having one mole of solute does not necessarily account for its reactivity in different contexts. A pH of 7 describes a neutral solution rather than its normality, and a high concentration of solute does not inherently mean the solution is normal; it simply indicates a concentration level that could be