Which individual was known for being the first effective method for extracting alkaloids from biological specimens?

The individual known for being the first to develop an effective method for extracting alkaloids from biological specimens is Jean Servais Stas. His work in the mid-19th century laid the foundational techniques for forensic toxicology, specifically in isolating and identifying alkaloids from body tissues and fluids. Stas's methodologies were groundbreaking because they allowed for the precise detection and measurement of these compounds, which are critical in toxicology as they are often found in various poisons and drugs. This advancement significantly improved the ability of forensic scientists to analyze biological samples, making Stas a pivotal figure in the history of forensic science.

The other individuals mentioned have contributed to the field of forensic science in various ways but do not hold the same significance regarding the specific extraction of alkaloids. FJ Otto is known for his work in gas chromatography, Alexander Gettler developed methods for analyzing blood and other body fluids, and Robert Borkenstein is recognized for his work in breath alcohol testing. Their contributions, while important, do not directly relate to the extraction methods pioneered by Stas.