Which individual is recognized as the first forensic toxicologist in the United States?

The individual recognized as the first forensic toxicologist in the United States is Alexander Gettler. He played a pivotal role in establishing forensic toxicology as a distinct field of study within forensic science, particularly in the early 20th century. Gettler's work at the New York City Medical Examiner's Office significantly advanced the practices and methodologies involved in toxicological analysis, making it integral to forensic investigations.

His innovative approaches and contributions provided a framework that allowed for the scientific analysis of substances in relation to criminal cases, effectively setting the stage for the development of forensic toxicology in the U.S. His influence in testing methods and the integration of toxicological findings into court testimonies underscored the importance of this discipline in the legal system.

In contrast, MJB Orfila was instrumental in the development of forensic toxicology in Europe, while Rolla Harger and Robert Borkenstein made significant advancements in blood alcohol testing technologies. Their contributions enhanced the field but came after Gettler established the discipline in America. Thus, Alexander Gettler's recognition as the first forensic toxicologist is well-founded based on his pioneering role in the United States.