What is the primary effect of chronic exposure to Arsenic?

Chronic exposure to arsenic primarily results in anemia due to enzyme inactivation. Arsenic is known to interfere with several biochemical pathways in the body, particularly those involving enzymes essential for red blood cell production and metabolism. This disruption can lead to reduced hemoglobin synthesis and impaired oxygen transport, resulting in anemia.

Arsenic can also affect erythropoiesis, the process by which red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. It does this by inhibiting certain enzymes that are crucial for maintaining the integrity of red blood cells or their precursors. Consequently, individuals exposed to arsenic over extended periods may experience symptoms associated with anemia, such as fatigue, weakness, and pallor, which are direct consequences of the decreased ability of the blood to transport oxygen effectively.

In contrast, the other effects mentioned do not represent the most significant outcome of chronic arsenic exposure. While respiratory issues, skeletal muscle function impairment, and bone diseases like osteomalacia could potentially be related to various forms of environmental toxicity or musculoskeletal disorders, they are not the hallmark health risks directly linked to prolonged arsenic exposure compared to the well-documented link between arsenic and anemia through enzyme inactivation.