What is the conversion of a C=S bond into a C=O bond called?

The conversion of a C=S bond into a C=O bond is known as desulfuration. This process involves the removal of sulfur from the compound and replacing it with oxygen. It is commonly observed in organic chemistry, particularly in the context of metabolic pathways where sulfur-containing compounds are converted into their oxygen-containing analogs.

This transformation is significant because it alters the electronic and chemical properties of the compound, often leading to different biological activities or functionalities. Desulfuration is an important reaction in various biochemical and synthetic processes, facilitating the detoxification and functionalization of organic molecules.

The other options relate to different types of chemical reactions. N-dealkylation involves the removal of an alkyl group from a nitrogen atom, which is not connected to the transformation of sulfur to oxygen. Aromatic hydroxylation refers specifically to the introduction of hydroxyl (-OH) groups into aromatic compounds and does not involve the conversion of bonds between carbon and sulfur to carbon and oxygen. Ester hydrolysis involves the breakdown of esters into alcohols and acids, which is unrelated to the transformation of a thiocarbonyl to a carbonyl.