What does the ion source do in the context of mass spectrometry?

In the context of mass spectrometry, the primary function of the ion source is to generate ions from the sample under investigation. This process is crucial because, in mass spectrometry, the analysis is focused on ions rather than neutral molecules. The ion source takes the sample and converts it into charged particles, which are then directed into the mass analyzer.

The generation of ions can be achieved through various methods, such as electron impact, chemical ionization, and electrospray ionization, depending on the type of mass spectrometry being employed. Once the ions are produced, they can then be manipulated and analyzed based on their mass-to-charge ratio, which is fundamental for identifying the composition and structure of the sample being studied.

Other functions, such as separating ions based on mass, are handled by the mass analyzer rather than the ion source itself. Additionally, collecting sample data and processing it are tasks that take place downstream after the ion generation phase, making them separate processes from the core function of the ion source. Understanding the role of the ion source clarifies how crucial it is for the success of mass spectrometry analyses.